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本帖最后由 abyssthinice 于 2010-12-28 21:38 编辑
天声人語
VOX POPULI: The careless ones let pass their windy gaffes
2010年12月16日(木)付
日本語の「わんわん」と「にゃあ」は、海を渡ると「バウワウ」「ミュウ」になる。母語にどっぷりつかっていると、犬や猫の鳴き声は画一的になりがちだ。実際には一匹として同じ声はないし、聞こえ方も人それぞれだろう▼
In Japan, "wan-wan" is a dog's bark and "nya" is a cat's cry. In English, these sounds are spoken as "bow-wow" and "meow," respectively.
When we are immersed in our native tongue, we tend to stereotype the sounds the animals make. But actually, no two dogs or cats vocalize the same way, and how we hear the sounds they make depends on the individual.
日语的“わんわん(wanwan,狗叫声)”和“にゃあ(nyaa,猫叫声)”到了大洋彼岸就成了“bowwow”“mew”(英语)。如果完全沉浸在母语中,则狗和猫的叫声容易千篇一律。实际上每一只的叫声都不同,而且听感也因人而异吧。
谷川俊太郎さんに「おならうた」という愉快な詩がある。〈いもくって ぶ/くりくって ぼ/すかして へ/ごめんよ ば/おふろで ぽ/こっそり す/あわてて ぷ/ふたりで ぴょ〉。豊かな「音色」は、詩人が母語の常識から解き放たれ、心の耳で遊んだ産物だ▼
"Onara Uta" (Fart song) is the title of a humorous poem by Shuntaro Tanikawa. "I eat potatoes bu/ I eat chestnuts bo/ I try to hold back he/ I'm sorry ba/ I do it in the bath po/ I do it on the sly su/ I do it in a flurry pu/ We do it in a twosome pyo." The rich "tones" are the product of the poet's hearing with his mental ear, having liberated himself from the common sense of his native tongue.
谷川俊太郎先生有一首有趣的诗:《屁歌》。“吃了红薯,bu/吃了栗子,bo/空着肚子,he/对不起*,ba/在澡堂,po/偷偷地,su/慌慌张张,pu/两个人,pyo。”丰富的“音色”,是诗人从母语的常识中解放出来、用心之耳玩味的产物。
*“ごめんよ ば”不知是否是在人家里一直憋着、再见时如释重负的那种低沉的屁。:)
擬音語に限らず、何かを伝える前には言葉を選ぶ作業がある。とりわけプロポーズや面接のような勝負時、私たちは知る限りの言い回しから、思いと常識が折り合う言葉を絞り込む▼
Whenever we try to communicate not just with onomatopoeia but also with regular words, we need to choose them.
In particular, in such crucial situations as making a marriage proposal or undergoing a job interview, we narrow down our choice of words from all expressions we know and choose ones that can aptly convey our thoughts and are socially acceptable at the same time.
不光拟声词是这样,在表达某事之前有选择言辞的工作。尤其是在求婚或面试这种成败在此一举的时刻,我们从所能知道的措辞中,冥搜思想和常识互相迁就的言辞。
適切な表現にたどりつくには、意味と語感の二つの道があるという。意味には字引という案内人がいるが、語感には道しるべもなかった。近刊『日本語 語感の辞典』(岩波書店)の著者中村明さんが、先頃の読書面で出版を思い立った理由をそのように語っていた▼
There are two ways to come up with appropriate expressions-- meaning and nuance--according to Akira Nakamura, the author of "Nihongo Gokan no Jiten" (Dictionary of Japanese-language nuances) recently published by Iwanami Shoten.
Although dictionaries are a guide for meanings, the clues for nuances are usually sparse. That is why Nakamura came to the decision to publish the book, he said in an interview that recently ran in the vernacular Asahi Shimbun's book column.
寻找适当的表达方式,据说有意义和语感两条道路。意义有词典这个向导,而语感则无路标可循。最近出版的《日语语感辞典》(岩波书店)的著者中村明先生在前些日子的读书版如此阐述了决定出版的理由。
「言葉を選ぶ時に多くの表現が思い浮かぶのは、ものの見方が細やかということです。ものの見方を磨かないと、表現は増えません」。中村さんの指摘は、言葉を生業(なりわい)とする者すべてに重い▼
"People who can come up with many expressions when choosing words have a sensitive way of looking at things," Nakamura said. "Unless we polish the way we see things, expressions would not increase." Nakamura's observation weighs heavily on all people who work with words.
“选择言辞时浮想起许多表达方式,说明观察事物很细致。如果不磨练观察能力,则表达方式就不会增加。”中村先生的见解对以言辞为业的所有人都很重要。
己の仕事は棚に上げて、政治家の「語勘」を問いたい。弁舌のプロらしからぬ「暴力装置」「仮免許」「甘受」。思いが口をついたにせよ、いくらでも言いようがあった。これしきの語感力では、誰のどのおならも〈ぶ〉でしかない。磨くべし。
For now, let me shut my eyes to my own shortcomings and question the use of words by politicians. How can professional orators use such phrases like "instrument of violence," "learner's permit" and "submit to" as we have heard them say?
Apparently, the comments were careless slips of the tongue, but the politicians could have, and should have, used different expressions to convey their thoughts.
With such a poor ability to express themselves, their farts must all sound of the same "bu." I urge them to polish their use of words.
自己的工作先搁在一边,想问问政治家的“語勘(对语言的直觉。与“语感”同音)”。不像是从(政治家这种)专业辩士口中说出的“暴力装置”“仮免許(临时驾照)”“甘受”。虽说言为心声,但是说法多的是呀。以这种语感力,谁的哪个屁都只能是“bu”了。尔其勉之!
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