080221卡斯特罗退位
「人間を動かす二つのテコは恐怖と利益である」（ナポレオン）。この二つで人と歴史を動かした男の実感だろう。では、老革命家を内から動かしたのはどちらのテコなのか。
“恐惧和利益，是撬动人类的两根杠杆”（拿破仑）。这可以说是用那这根杠杆撬动过人和历史之人的真实感受了。那么，从内心撬动老革命家的是哪一根杠杆呢？
キューバのカストロ国家評議会議長（８１）が、国家元首を退く。「心理的にも政治的にも、私の不在に備えるのが義務だ」と。権力ではどうにもならない高齢と病気。その現実に押されての決断だ。
说的是古巴的国务委员会主席卡斯特罗（81岁）退出了国家元首之位。他说：“使大家做好我不在时的心理和政治上的准备是我的义务”。高龄和疾病是连权力也无能为力的。这是在现实逼迫下的决断
２０世紀半ばのキューバは、砂糖などの基幹産業を米国資本が握る半植民地だった。怒れる青年弁護士カストロは武力蜂起に失敗し、亡命先のメキシコで盟友ゲバラと出会う。同志８２人が中古のヨットで母国に潜入して以来、半世紀も国を率い、米国をいら立たせた。
20世纪中期的古巴，乃是一半殖民地，制糖等支柱产业全都掌握在美国资本的手中。愤怒的年青律师卡斯特罗在武装起义失败后，亡命墨西哥，在那里，他遇到了盟友格瓦拉。自82同志坐旧船潜回祖国以来，他领导这个国家达半世纪之久，并让美国头痛不已。
カリスマ指導者の「引退」は、自由な報道と野党のない国では珍しい。うかつに権力を手放せば、政敵や民衆の反撃に遭うかもしれない。地位だけが今日の利益を生み、明日の恐怖を退ける。だが、こうして「内なるテコ」がいつまでも働かず、歴史のハンマーに葬られた者は多い。
在没有新闻自由和在野党的国家内，卡斯特罗这样的“引退”是极为罕见的。若是随随便便地放弃极权，说不定会遭到政敌或民众的反击。因为只有地位才能获得今日的利益，排除明日的恐惧。然而，这样的“内心杠杆”一动也不动，最终在历史的巨锤下身败名裂者，似不在少数。
ナポレオンは暗殺を恐れ、ひげは自分でそっていたと伝わる。自らも恐怖に動かされていたわけだ。それでも武運は尽き、島に流され、造らせた凱旋門を棺（ひつぎ）で抜けることになった。
传说拿破仑因害怕被暗杀，胡子都是自己刮的。就是说，他自己也被恐惧这根杠杆撬动着。尽管如此，还是武运丧尽，流放荒岛，最后只得躺在棺材之中穿过了自己下命修建的凯旋门。
並外れた権力者は、並外れて孤独だ。どうかすると側近や親族さえも信じられなくなる。カストロ氏は幸せにも、弟に譲るらしい。そして、自身は「一兵卒として戦い続ける」そうだ。「恐怖と利益」を吟味し、それだけが最晩年を安らかに過ごす道だと判断したのだろう。
非凡的权贵，自有其非凡的孤独。一有风吹草动，往往连自己的亲信或亲戚都难以相信。卡斯特罗是幸运的，可将宝座让给自己的弟弟。而他自己，“作为一名战士仍将继续战斗下去”。估计他对“恐惧和利益”掂量再三，才作出了这样一个能使自己安度晚年的唯一选择的吧。
英译：
The battle of ideas is all that's left for Castro
02/22/2008
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) once noted, "There are two levers for moving men--interest and fear." This must have been the exact sentiment of the man who used these two levers in giving direction to people and creating history. Which lever was it that moved aging Cuban leader Fidel Castro from within when he decided to step down on Tuesday?
The 81-year-old revolutionary explained why he would not seek another term as president of the Council of State: "My first duty was to prepare our people both politically and psychologically for my absence." Castro's decision was necessitated by his own advancing years and failing health, which even his power could do nothing about.
In the mid-20th century, Cuba was a semi-colony with its mainstay industries, especially the sugar industry, under U.S. control. As an angry young lawyer, Castro led a failed armed rebellion. He went into exile in Mexico, where he met Ernesto "Che" Guevara, another hero of the Cuban Revolution.
Castro re-entered Cuba in 1956 with 81 fellow revolutionaries aboard an old yacht. Since overthrowing the Fulgencio Batista regime in 1959, Castro has led the nation for nearly half a century, much to the dudgeon of the United States.
In a country with no freedom of the press nor an opposition party, the "retirement" of its charismatic leader is a very rare occurrence.
By carelessly ceding control, the leader could well find himself at the mercy of his political foes and dissidents. Holding on to his position is the only way to protect his present interest and keep any future fear at bay. However, many leaders have been dealt fatal blows from history and fell from power because such "internal levers" did not function.
Napoleon was said to be always on his guard against attempts on his life, and never allowed anyone to give him a shave. In a sense, he himself was being moved by fear. But his luck eventually ran out. He was exiled, and was in his coffin when he passed through the Arc de Triomphe, which he had commissioned for construction.
Leaders in positions of extraordinary power are extraordinarily lonely. Anything can cause them to distrust their aides and even their blood relations.
Castro is fortunate, in that he is resigning in favor of his younger brother, Raul. As for his own future, he told his people, "My only wish is to fight as a soldier in the battle of ideas." He must have judged this to be the only way to live his final years in peace, having fully scrutinized his "fear and interest."
--The Asahi Shimbun, Feb. 21(IHT/Asahi: February 22,2008) |
发表于 2008-2-23 11:41:19
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