天声人语 20110920 向日葵与核泄漏

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▼４１年前のイタリア映画「ひまわり」が再上映されると聞いて試写を見た。ご存じ、戦争から還（かえ）らぬ夫を捜し、若妻が旧ソ連を訪ねる悲話である。切ない調べが流れるタイトルバック。風にそよぐヒマワリ畑を、カメラはゆっくり左に動いていく。
  我听说41年前的意大利反战电影《向日葵》将重新上映，于是去观摩了试映会。影片故事众所周知，讲述了一位年轻妻子为寻找未能从战场上归来的丈夫而前往前苏联的悲情故事。影片字幕从充满着悲伤的曲调开始，在风中摇曳着的向日葵田野，镜头缓慢地向左移动。
▼地平線に至る黄色の海は、ウクライナで撮影されたという。花は５００年前、北米から欧州に渡り、油の原料として広まった。最大の産地が旧ソ連で、映画には異郷を語る景色として登場する。
  影片中那一望无垠的金色花海，据说拍摄于乌克兰。向日葵大约500年前从北美被带到了欧洲大陆，作为油料作物广泛种植。前苏联曾是葵花籽油最大的产国，在电影中则作为异国他乡的景色出现。
▼チェルノブイリ原発事故の汚染域にも、菜種と共に植えられた。土壌の放射能が油に移りにくいためだ。ただ除染の力は定かでなく、福島で実験した農水省の判定は「ほぼ効果なし」。根を深く張るので、地表近くの放射性物質は吸収しづらいらしい。
  切尔诺贝利核电站事故的污染区，也大量种植着油菜和向日葵。据说这是因为土壤中的放射性物质很难侵入到油分里。不过油料作物是否有清除核污染物质的能力尚无定论，日本农林水产部在福岛地区进行实验的结论是“基本无效”。因为向日葵向地下扎根很深，不太会吸收沉降于土壤表面的放射性物质。
▼除染の早道は表土の除去だ。４センチまで削ると、セシウムの７５％が除かれたという。森口祐一東大教授の試算では、除染対象の面積は最大で福島県の７分の１にもなる。気が遠くなる労力と費用に、改めて原発事故の罪深さを思う。
  去除核污染物质的快捷方法是清除已被污染的表层土壤。据说如果清除掉4cm的表层土壤能除去75%的放射性铯元素。东京大学森口祐一教授的实验性计算结果显示，需要清除表层土壤的土地面积最大可能会达到福岛县总面积的七分之一左右。一想到为了消除核污染将要花费的大量人力物力财力，不禁又对核电站事故深恶痛绝起来。
▼昨日、東京での「さようなら原発」の集会と行進には、大江健三郎さんらの呼びかけで大勢が参加した。壇上から作家の落合恵子さんが訴えたように、平仮名しか読めぬ子が「ほうしゃのうこないで」とおびえる現実、捨て置けない。
  昨天东京举行了“告别核电站”的集会和游行活动。因有大江健三郎等著名人士呼吁，活动的参加者人数众多。正如演讲台上的作家落合惠子女士所控诉的那样，刚会念日语平假名的小孩子都胆怯地说“放射能别过来”，这样严酷的现实状况怎能置之不理。
▼孫の将来を案じてか、敬老の日を脱原発にあてたお年寄りも多かった。大切な誰かを本気で守ろうと思えば、人は街に繰り出す。黄色を身につけた群衆が、波打つヒマワリ畑に重なった。
　昨天是日本的“敬老日”，大约是出于对再下一代的忧虑，参加这次活动的老年人也不在少数。只要是为了自己心中最重要的人，人们都会纷纷走上街头。身穿黄色服装的游行人群，俨如波涛起伏的向日葵花海。

zhouzpt

zdenny0001

VOX POPULI: Children who don't know kanji know about radioactivity
    I saw a preview of the 1970 Italian film "I Girasoli" (Sunflower), which is due to be shown again. It is a well-known tragedy about a young wife going to the Soviet Union to look for a husband who did not return from World War II. As a sad melody plays in the title background, the camera slowly pans left to show a field of sunflowers swaying in the wind.
    I hear that the scene, showing golden yellow flowers reaching to the horizon, was shot in Ukraine. The sunflower was brought to Europe from the United States some 500 years ago. It was used as a source of sunflower oil and its cultivation spread. The former Soviet Union became the world's leading producer of sunflowers. In the movie, the scene is used to symbolize a foreign land.
    The sunflower was planted in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, along with rape blossoms, because radioactivity in the soil did not easily transfer to the sunflower oil. Unfortunately, its decontaminating effect remains uncertain. An experiment conducted by the farm ministry in Fukushima Prefecture concluded that the flowers were next to useless for nuclear decontamination. Since sunflower roots reach deep into the ground, scientists believe it is difficult for the plant to absorb radioactive substances near the surface.
    A fast method of decontamination is the removal of topsoil. According to the ministry, scraping off 4 centimeters of surface soil removed 75 percent of radioactive cesium. According to a trial calculation by Yuichi Moriguchi, a professor of environmental systems engineering at the University of Tokyo, the maximum area that might need decontamination comes to one seventh of Fukushima Prefecture's total land. When I think about the mind-boggling amount of labor and cost that the process will require, the sinfulness of nuclear accidents is driven home to me once again.
    Many people took part in the rally and march called "Sayonara Genpatsu" (Good-bye to nuclear power) held in Meiji Park in Tokyo on Sept. 19, which was organized by the Nobel Prize winning novelist Kenzaburo Oe and others. As writer Keiko Ochiai said to the rally from the podium, we cannot overlook the reality that young children, who can only read hiragana, are saying the frightening words: "Radioactivity, don't come."
    Many senior citizens spent Respect-for-the-Aged Day, a national holiday, on Sept. 19 demanding a move away from nuclear power generation. Perhaps they were worried about the world their grandchildren will inherit. When people seriously want to protect their loved ones, they take to the streets. The sight of demonstrators wearing yellow clothes and holding yellow placards overlapped in my mind with that image of the sunflower fields.
--The Asahi Shimbun, Sept. 20

zdenny0001

北米から欧州に渡り：The sunflower was brought to Europe from the United States some 500 years ago.
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难得逮到一处朝日自己的误译，此处“北美”应译为“North America”