天声人语 20110126 舶来品的日本本土化

reiuka2

舶来品的日本本土化
2011年1月26日（水）付
　カステラや金平糖など、和の空気をまとう渡来品は多い。童謡「ちょうちょう」の元歌はスペイン民謡、「むすんでひらいて」の作曲者はフランスの思想家ルソーだという。
       在日本，像卡斯特拉蛋糕、金平糖等日本味十足的舶来品很多。像童谣≪蝶儿飞飞≫的原曲是西班牙民谣，而≪结起来再打开≫的曲作者据说是法国的思想家卢梭。
   『日本の唱歌』（講談社文庫）からさらに引くと、〈小ぎつねコンコン、山の中〉の「小ぎつね」はドイツ民謡だ。詞は〈草の実つぶして、おけしょうしたり〉と可愛らしく続くが、元の大意は「こらキツネ、ガチョウを返さねえとズドンとやるぞ」と趣を異にする。
        再翻翻≪日本的唱歌≫（讲谈社文库）这本书，会发现≪小狐狸≫的原曲是德国民谣。≪小狐狸≫是这样唱的：“小狐狸骨碌骨碌，在山里，把草籽捣碎，化起妆来”，歌词非常可爱。而原曲的歌词大意却是：“喂，狐狸，不把鹅还我的话我可要狠狠揍你哦”。意思可谓大相径庭。
   さて、「あおげば尊し」の原曲が、どうやら１９世紀に米国で作られた「卒業の歌」だとわかった。日本では明治期、文部省で詞を合議して小学唱歌集に載せたというが、出自は「唱歌最大の謎」とされてきた。ちなみに先の文庫本は、作曲は日本人とする説を紹介している。
       另外，≪难忘师恩≫最近被查明原曲是创作于19世纪美国的≪毕业歌≫。据说这歌是日本在明治时期由文部省合议了歌词后被收入小学歌唱集中，但其出处一直被认为是歌唱界最大的谜。上面提到的《日本的唱歌》一书也介绍这首歌的曲作者据说是日本人。
   謎を解いたのは米英民謡に詳しい一橋大名誉教授、桜井雅人さん（６７）。欧米の古い教科書や賛美歌を探るうち、１８７１年に米国で出版された歌集に同じ旋律を見つけたという。
       为我们揭开谜底的是熟知英美民谣的一桥大学现年67岁的名誉教授樱井雅人。据说他是在找欧美的旧教科书和赞美歌的时候，在一本1871年美国出版的歌曲集中发现了跟《难忘师恩》的旋律一模一样的歌曲。
   ただ、友との別れを惜しむ原詞には、歌の味わいを決める「わが師の恩」「身を立て、名をあげ」の句がない。日本版はどうも、国家が期待する人間像を紛らせたようだ。唱歌自体、西洋文化を学ばせる国策だった。
       不过，原曲的歌词讲述的是跟朋友的依依惜别之情，完全没有决定这首歌曲的基调的“吾师之恩”“立身扬名”之类意思的句子。看来，日本版是被用来树立国家所期待的国民形象了。其实，歌唱本身就是国家动员国民学习西洋文化的国策之一。
   だんだん歌われなくなったのは、この創作部分ゆえと聞く。門出の場で教師が恩を売り、立身出世を強いるのはまずいと。ごもっともだが、歌の故国が判明した今、これはアメリカンドリームの奨励と解釈し直したい。厳かな曲調といい、若者の背中をドンと押すには悪くない。
       现在学校里要求毕业生唱这首歌的已经越来越少，原因据说就是因为这个日本自己创作的部分。因为在教育场所教师贩卖师恩，强迫学生立身扬名之举被认为不妥。这种想法不无道理，但今天既然这首歌的原产国已被确定，我希望把它重新解释为美国之梦式的鼓励。虽然这歌的曲调有点凝重，但如果能将现在的年轻人狠狠往前推一把，那倒也不是坏事情。

zdenny0001

カステラ:我们这里管这种叫“海绵蛋糕”，不知道是不是同一样东西。
ズドンとやるぞ：考虑到狐狸的个头，我把它翻译成“一枪干掉你”。
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楼主的译文不知道为什么，读起来特别舒适，很有看散文的味道。
はい、以上。

reiuka2

回复 zdenny0001 的帖子

カステラ:我们这里管这种叫“海绵蛋糕”，不知道是不是同一样东西。

应该是的。你是在哪个城市？
ズドンとやるぞ：考虑到狐狸的个头，我把它翻译成“一枪干掉你”。

这个你翻译得很生动。
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楼主的译文不知道为什么，读起来特别舒适，很有看散文的味道。

谢谢啊。我看了你翻的几篇，也很不错。就是上下文的连接有时显得生硬一点。以后还请多出手啊。

abyssthinice

“紛らせた”窃以为意思是“掺进了”。
和后文的“この創作部分”呼应。

abyssthinice

VOX POPULI: If lyrics change, does a song remain the same?
2011/01/27


There are many seemingly Japanese creations such as "kasutera" sponge cake and "konpeito" sugar candy that were actually imported from foreign countries. The children's song "Chocho"(Butterfly) can be traced back to a Spanish folk song, and the composer of the children's song "Musunde Hiraite" (Close and open your hands) is said to be the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778).

Let me cite more examples from "Nihon no Shoka" (Japanese school songs) published by Kodansha Ltd. The song "Kogitsune" (Little fox) that starts with the words "Little fox kon kon in the mountains" was originally a German folk song. The Japanese lyrics "It crushes seeds to put on makeup" are sweet. But the words of the original song are completely different. They go something like, "Hey fox, unless you return the goose, I am going to shoot you."

It has recently come to light that "Aogeba Totoshi" (Look up with reverence), a song once commonly sung at graduation ceremonies in Japan, was based on "Song for the Close of School," created in the United States during the 19th century.

During the Meiji Era (1868-1912), the Education Ministry rewrote the lyrics and included the tune in a collection of elementary school songs. However, its origin has remained "the greatest mystery of school songs." The songbook even includes a passage suggesting it was composed by a Japanese.

It was Masato Sakurai, 67, a Hitotsubashi University professor emeritus well-versed in American and British folk songs, who solved the mystery. While looking through old Western school textbooks and hymnals, he found the same music in a song collection published in 1871 in the United States.

But the original song, which sings about the sadness of parting with friends, has no words about "indebtedness to our teachers" and "stand tall and make a name for yourself," words that add a distinct flavor.

Apparently, the Japanese version tried to incorporate the image of a model citizen that the government at the time envisioned. School songs were used as a tool of national policy to encourage students to learn Western culture.

I hear the song has become less popular in recent years because of those very words. Apparently, school officials think it is inappropriate for teachers to make students feel indebted to them and encourage them to climb the social ladder on the occasion to mark the beginning of a new phase of life.

Perhaps they are right. Still, now that it has come clear that it was originally an American song, why not re-interpret it as encouragement for young Japanese people to go after the American dream? Its solemn melody is also good to push students on their back to take a step forward.

--The Asahi Shimbun, Jan. 26