天声人语 20110815 二战投降宣言

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▼作家の田辺聖子さん（83）は、玉音放送を一家で聴いた。「降伏したみたいなこと、いうてはる」と父。「フシが、なさけなさそうですなあ」と母が頷（うなず）く。大人の脱力ぶりに呆（あき）れ、17歳の軍国少女は一人、無念を日記にぶつけた（回想『欲しがりません勝つまでは』）。
  小说家田边圣子女士（83岁），曾全家一起聆听过日本裕仁天皇宣布二战投降时的广播。她的父亲说：“好像说是已经投降了呢”。母亲边点头边说：“这一段听起来不太高兴啊”。当时年仅17岁的田边，充满了军国主义的“爱国”思想，她面对父母这种倦怠无力的反应很不能理解，在日记里发泄自己的不满和困惑。（据其自传《除了胜利别无所求》）
VOX POPULI: Japan has recovered before, and can do so again
    Novelist Seiko Tanabe, now 83, was at home on Aug. 15, 1945, as her entire family listened to the radio broadcast of Emperor Hirohito's acceptance of the provisions of the Postdam Declaration. "(His majesty) seems to be saying we've surrendered," her father remarked. Her mother nodded in agreement, adding, "The passage doesn't sound happy." A 17-year-old "patriot" at the time, Tanabe was appalled by her parents' lethargic reaction to the broadcast. She vented her anger and frustration in her diary, according to "Hoshigarimasen Katsu Madewa" (We shall not want anything until we win the war), her autobiographical book.
▼66年前のきょう、日本はポツダム宣言受諾を連合国側に伝えた。深夜に録音された終戦の詔書が、翌15日昼、NHKラジオで流される。大衆が初めて聴く陛下の声だった。漢語の多用と雑音で、すぐには解せぬ人も多かった。
  66年前的今天，日本正式向联合国表示接受波茨坦公告，宣布停战投降。14日深夜投降诏书的录音录制完毕，第二天即8月15日正午通过NHK广播电台正式播出。这是日本普通民众第一次听到天皇的声音。投降诏书中使用了很多日语汉语单词，广播的杂音又很重，以致很多听众起初根本无法理解。
  Japan's acceptance of the Postdam Declaration was communicated to the Allies on Aug. 14, 1945. The emperor's reading of the Imperial Rescript on the Termination of the War, which was recorded at midnight, was broadcast to the nation the following day at noon by the Japan Broadcasting Corp. (NHK). The public at large had never heard the emperor's voice before. At first, many people had trouble understanding what he was saying because of his use of "kango," or words of Chinese origin, and the poor sound quality of the recording.
▼野坂昭如さん（80）はそれでも、終わったと感じた。もう空襲はないと思うだけで、体の芯がとろけるような安堵（あんど）を覚えたという。終戦の日、どこで何を思ったか、百人に百の話があった。
  著名作家野坂昭如（80岁）则表示：当时就觉得战争终于结束了，只要一想到再也不会有空袭轰炸，整个人一下子松懈下来，不再感到胆战心惊。二战结束之日，身处何地作何感想，因人而异。
   But author Akiyuki Nosaka, 80, knew instinctively that the war was over. Just the thought of having no more air raids made him feel almost weak with immense relief from the deepest core of his being, he later recalled. One hundred people could give 100 different accounts of where they were and what they felt on the day of Japan's defeat.
▼各人に語るべきものがある大震災も、時代を画す共通体験に違いない。すべきことが山とあるのは敗戦時と同じだが、私たちに高揚はない。虚脱の暇（いとま）もない。津波、原発にとどまらず、日本は複合的な不全の中にある。
   对于今年3月发生的大地震，不同的人想倾诉的内容也各不相同，不过这次灾害可以看成是我们这个时代的一次大众共同体验。现在亟需处理的事情虽然也与二战战败时一样堆积如山，但我们的士气却很低落。当然现在也不是手足无措的时候。地震、海啸、核电站泄漏，日本现在正可谓多灾多难。
   The same could be said of the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11. I certainly think of it as a major shared experience of our era. Just like at the end of World War II, there are so many things to be done now. But this doesn't boost our spirits at all. There is no time to remain lethargic, either. Japan suffered or is suffering from not only the tsunami and nuclear crisis, but the nation is also is in a state of dysfunction in many ways.
▼ひと声で動く世でもなし、堪え難きを堪え、忍び難きを忍び、不全の理由を一つずつ取り除いていくほかない。より生きやすい国を目ざして、まずは荒れ放題の政治と財政から手をつけたい。
  天皇的一份诏书不再可以驱动整个世界。我们只能靠无比的忍耐力来克服一个又一个的困难。为了把日本建设成更宜居的国家，应该先从当下乱七八糟的政局和财政状况着手。
  We no longer have an emperor whose word is law. Our only course of action now would be to "endure the unendurable and suffer what is insufferable" to remove the causes of dysfunction, one by one. Perhaps we should start by cleaning up the horrible political and fiscal mess we have at hand and try to make our country a better place for everyone.
▼NHK放送博物館の「玉音盤」は窒素ガスの中で眠る。今に残る音源は、傷む前のレコード盤から占領軍が複製したものだ。米国は「多くの命を救った放送」に価値を認めた。生かされた人々は驚異の復興を成し遂げる。もう一度できないはずがない。
   NHK广播博物馆内，灌录着投降宣告的那张唱片被保存在氮气中。现在保留下来的这一张唱片，是当年驻日本美军在原版唱片损坏前翻录下来的。美国方面认为这张唱片的播送“拯救了许多人的生命”，具有保存价值。二次大战的幸存者们完成了日本令人惊异的战后复兴。既然他们能办到，我们这一代人没有理由做不到。
   The original recording of Hirohito's acceptance of defeat is preserved on disc in a case filled with nitrogen gas, and it can be seen at the NHK Museum of Broadcasting. All replays we hear today are from copies made by the occupation forces before the original disc deteriorated. The United States saw the value of the "broadcast that saved many lives." Survivors of the war worked to realize Japan's miraculous postwar reconstruction. There is no reason we can't do it again.

--The Asahi Shimbun, Aug. 14