天声人语 2011.11.29 二氧化碳与全球变暖

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▼蚊雷（ぶんらい）、とは蚊の発する羽音のこと。かぼそい声を「蚊の鳴くような」と例えるが、蚊柱が立つほどの群れだと「雷」になるのだろう。憎（に）っくき蚊をののしるユーモラスな一文が子規にある。
   日语里有“蚊雷”一词，指的是蚊子翅膀振动发出的声音。我们常把弱不可闻的声音称作“像蚊子哼哼似的”，可如果是一大群蚊子像柱子似的聚在一起，就会声如雷鸣了。俳句诗人正冈子规写过一篇幽默的文章，诅咒可恶的蚊子。
▼「汝の一身は総（すべ）てこれ罪なり、人の血を吸ふは殺生罪なり、蚊帳の穴をくぐるは偸盗（ちゅうとう）罪なり、耳のほとりにむらがりて、雷声をなすは妄語罪なり……」。いや、笑ってはいられない。マラリアを媒介するもっと罪深い蚊が、温暖化で生息域を広げていると、先の小紙が伝えていた。
  “汝一身俱为罪，吸食人血是为杀生，潜入蚊帐是为偷盗，聚众于他人耳畔声如雷鸣，是为妄语之罪也……”其实，这一点也不好笑。蚊子是疟疾传播的媒介，之前本报也曾作过报道，因为全球气候变暖的影响，蚊子的栖息区域范围正在不断扩大。
▼場所はケニア。「高地」と呼ばれ冷涼だった地域で患者が多発している。住民は蚊の飛ぶ音も知らなかったのに、ここ２５年で最高気温が２．５度以上高くなったためらしい。年に何十万人もがマラリアで死ぬアフリカで、感染地域の拡大は脅威そのものだ。
   本属高原地区寒凉气候的非洲国家肯尼亚，近年来疟疾患者激增。原住民们本来连蚊子的嗡嗡声都不曾听到过，可是近25年间，肯尼亚的最高气温比以前上升了2.5摄氏度。非洲每年死于疟疾的人数多达数十万，感染区域的不断扩大造成了巨大的安全威胁。
▼その一角の南アフリカで、温暖化防止の国際会議ＣＯＰ１７が始まった。この問題、震災後は影が薄かったが消えたわけではない。この間にも極地の氷は解け、タイの洪水など各地を異常気象が襲っている。じわじわと世界が傷んでいる。
   旨在阻止全球气候变暖的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第17次缔约方会议(COP17)11月28日在南非德班召开。虽然日本在地震灾后似乎一度忽略了全球气候变暖这个问题，但并不意味着这个问题就消失了。在此期间，极地的冰川不断融化，泰国洪水肆虐，全球各地都遭到了异常气象灾害的袭击。我们生活的世界正不断受到伤害。
▼だがここ数年、米中はじめ各国のエゴがぶつかり方途が定まらない。減らすどころか、去年の世界の二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）排出は大幅増で過去最高になった。英知を絞るときなのに、蚊を喜ばせてどうする。
   然而最近数年以来，以美国和中国为首，各个国家为了各自的利益互不相让，至今仍未能达成一致。别说削减CO2的排放量了，2010年世界二氧化碳排放总量大幅增加，成为有史以来最高的一年。此时本该是各国都绞尽脑汁，寻求解决气候问题之道的时候，这样纷争不休，只会让蚊子之类的害虫更高兴。
▼原子の火が生む放射能と違い、原始の火のＣＯ２は太古からある。だが、いまや脅威としては同じ。神話で人類に火を授けたプロメテウスに後悔させては、申し訳がない。
　与原子能带来的核辐射不同，二氧化碳伴随着最原始的火自古以来就诞生了。可是如今，它却成了和辐射一样可怕的威胁。如果人类让古希腊神话中盗来火种的普罗米修斯也觉得悔不该当初的话，那就太对不起他了。

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VOX POPULI: Why are we helping mosquitoes?
The Japanese word "bunrai," which means the buzzing of mosquitoes, is written with two kanji characters that stand for "mosquito" and "thunder." Although the Japanese expression "ka no naku yona" (like a buzzing mosquito) is used to describe a barely audible voice, there is nothing faint about a swarm of mosquitoes buzzing in unison; it is thunderous.

Railing against these noisome bugs, haiku poet Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902) penned this hilarious piece: "Your very existence is sinful through and through/ You kill when you suck human blood/ You steal when you sneak inside the mosquito net through a hole/ You lie when you swarm around people's ears and buzz ..."That gave me a good chuckle, but a recent story in The Asahi Shimbun about much more sinful mosquitoes is no laughing matter. These pests carry malaria, and their habitats are expanding because of global warming.

What appear to be malaria epidemics have come to Kenya's highlands, where the temperatures used to be too cool for mosquitoes to survive, and the locals never had to hear their buzzing. Over the last 25 years, the area's highest temperatures have risen more than 2.5 degrees. On the African continent, where hundreds of thousands of people succumb to malaria every year, this expansion of the areas affected by the disease threatens many lives.

The 2011 COP17 (17th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) kicked off Nov. 28 in Durban, South Africa.After the March 11 disaster, global warming came to be felt as less of a threat here in Japan. But it certainly hasn't gone away. Polar ice continues to melt, and the last nine months have seen extreme weather episodes around the world, including the floods in Thailand. Our planet is being damaged, slowly but surely.

In recent years, however, COP leaders have been waffling about how to curb global warming because of the conflicting interests of the United States, China and other global players. Despite the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions worldwide, the emissions actually grew significantly last year and hit an all-time high. Why on earth are we making mosquitoes happy when we should be scrambling to stop global warming?

Unlike the radiation generated by nuclear reactors, carbon dioxide, like fire, has been around since the beginning of time. Now, carbon dioxide has become as much of a threat to the human race as radiation. In ancient mythology, Prometheus gave fire to mankind. We must not make him regret giving us that gift.

--The Asahi Shimbun, Nov. 29