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发表于 2006-4-8 17:27:01
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本帖最后由 xumh0916 于 2015-8-28 13:32 编辑
语言与文化试卷
（课程代码：0838）
第一部分 选择题（共30分）
I. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best complete the statement. (20%)
1. A cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called______
A. hamburger B. sandwich C. salad D. pudding
2. All languages have ______ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.
A. generation B. subtle C. complicated D. kinship
3. English speakers are direct people who tend to ________.
A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaning
B. locate central meaning before central meaning
C. locate the modified after the modifier
D. think holistically
4. In English all the prefixes are _______ morphemes.
A. inflectional B. grammatical C. derivational D. implicit
5. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when naming their newly born babies.
B. English surnames are more distinctive than given name.
C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.
D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.
6. If an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness he may say _______.
A. “Do you really think so?” B. “Oh, I wish it could be true.”
C. “Oh, you are too polite.” D. “No, I don’t think so.”
7. “To make cat laugh” means _________.
A. to be comic B. to be tragic C. to be proud D. to be serious
8. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be “_______”.
A. Rats desert a sinking ship
B. A small leak will sink a great ship.
C. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea.
D. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark.
9. “Green” connotes _______ in English culture.
A. prosperity B. immaturity C. longevity D. sincerity
10. “Brown paper” corresponds to ________.
A.棕色纸 B.秘密文件 C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸 D.牛皮纸
11. The English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报” is _______.
A. blue alert B. white alert C. red alert D. black alert
12. “Sanitary engineer” is the euphemistic expression for “_______”.
A. garbage collector B. cleaner C. plumber D. gardener
13. “敬请指正” can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “________” in English.
A. I’s like to have your comments. B. Will you please point out my errors?
C. I’d like to have error corrected. D. I’ll gratefully indirectly expect your comments.
14. When the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of the text and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _______ fashion.
A. linear B. spiral C. inductive D. deductive
15. The most striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _____ in words.
A. r B. a C. wh D. er
16. The first ______ made in 449 B.C. had strong impact on the laws made later in most European countries.
A. Roman law B. Napoleonic Code C. French law D. British law
17. The distance zone ranging form 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred to as the _______ zone.
A. public B. intimate C. socio-consultative D. casual-personal
18. Raising one’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_______” in English culture.
A. Shame on you B. I’m full C. Kill yourself D. You’re shorter than I
19. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the ________ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.
A. relative rights C. relationship C. distance D. relative obligation
20. The brand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative in English culture?
A. 青岛啤酒 B.白象牌电池 C.泸洲老窖 D.菊花电扇
II. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)
21. ________ are some important properties of language.
A. Unsystematic B. Human specific C. Vocal D. A set of symbols
22. In the expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”, the word “Waterloo” alludes to ________.
A. a great victory B. an achievement C. a final defeat D a difficult or obstacle
23. The English brand names _______ are coinages.
A. Trane B. Playtex C. Pierre D. Cartan
24. The word “woman ” can be defined conceptually as ______.
A. an adult female B. prone to tears C. long hair wearing D. biped
25. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with ________.
A. high rank or station B. low rank or station
C. imperial or royal rank D. something best
26. _________ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culture.
A. Age and income B. love and marriage
C. Political and religious beliefs D. Personal opinions about daily affairs
27. ______ is onomatopoeic words.
A. Squeal B. Murmur C. Rush D. Click
28. When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”, you should say “______”.
A. Thank you. B. No, I don’t think so at all.
C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.
D. It’s very kind of you to say so.
29. _______ serve the function of substitution.
A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal message
B. Pausing before saying something important
C. Waving goodbye
D. Beckoning another person to come
30. A “slow” student may be euphemistically referred to as “__________________”.
A. a mental retarded student
B. one who is working at his/her own level
C. one who can do better work with help
D. a problem student
第二部分 非选择题（共70分）
III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)
31. The invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as ________ space.
32. _________ thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.
33. “Pay one’s debt to nature” is the euphemism for ____________.
34. The English equivalent of “ 寒舍” is _________.
35. In an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____________ and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.
36. It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _________ English advertising.
37. Since language represents thought, it is ____________ by thought.
38. It is generally true that an English word may represent a ________ or associative meaning different form that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.
39. The English functional equivalent for “敬请光临” is _________________.
40. The English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人” is _________________.
41. The English expression _________________ is equivalent to “” in China.
42. ______________________ refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinary news in a sensational manner.
IV. Answer the following questions briefly: (12%)
43. What is the English equivalent for “黑信”?
44. What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”?
45. What is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?
46. Why is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?
47. How hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?
48. What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?
V. Translation: (16%)
49. He breathed his last during the night.
50. Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.
51. The greatest artist of the first half of his century has long last gone the way of all flesh.
52. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.
53. 为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。
54. 你对他期望过高了。 干这活他还是新手呢。
55. 请提宝贵意见。
56. 别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护，他胆小如鼠。
VI. Defined the following terms: (10%)
57. common core English
58. logical thinking
59. a black sheep
60. large c culture
61. cooperative principle
VII. Discuss the following topics: (20%)
62. how are bodily organs related to sex and sexual intercourse treated in English and Chinese?
63. What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese telephone calls?
2003年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
语言与文化试题参考答案及评分标准
I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
C
D
B
C
C
B
A
D
B
D
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C
C
A
B
A
A
C
B
C
B
II. Each of the following incomplete statements if followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
BCD
CD
AB
ACD
AC
ABC
ABD
AC
CD
BC
III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)
31.personal 32.Analytic
33.die 34.my home
35.the topic sentence 36.formal
39.Request the honour of your presence 40.There are lees to every wine
41.Plain as the nose on one’s face 42.Yellow journalism
IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)
（每题2分。回答基本正确给满分；语法、拼写错误最多扣0.5分）
43.poison-pen letters
44.The British equivalent for the American word “raincoat” is “mackintosh”
45.English descriptive texts are often plain in style, whereas Chinese ones are, in many cases, ornate or flowery.
46.When we say English is a hypotactic language, while Chinese is a paratactic language, we just mean that English relies more heavily than Chinese does on conjunctions for sentence construction.
47.It is symbolized by moving several times a closed hand with an outstretched thumb pointing to the direction in which one intends to travel in English culture.
48.In English only a small set of terms can be used as titles. Mr., Mrs., Miss and Ms are perhaps the most frequently used ones, which are not related t people’s social status. The less frequently used ones including President, Prime Minister, Governor, Mayor, Judge, Lawyer, Professor, etc.. In Chinese, the terms that can be used as titles are numerous. Almost all the terms of office and profession can be used as titles. These titles indicate people’s social positions.
V. Translation (16%)
（每题2分。 译文与参考答案要求一致给满分； 译文与参考答案基本一致扣0.5分； 译文基本表达意思，但与谚语、习语、敬语等表达形式有较大出入的扣1分； 语法、拼写错误最多扣0.5分。）
49.他于夜间过世。
50.那些出身高贵的人注定广受瞩目。
51.这位本世纪上半叶最伟大的艺术家终于与世长辞了。
52.玫瑰无论叫什么名字都是香的。
53.He that serves God for money will serve the devil for better wages.
54.You’re expecting too much of him. He is still green to his job.
55.Please give us your comments suggestions. OR Could you give us your comments or suggestions?
56.It’s no use expecting Arthur to stand up for himself. He’s as timid as a mouse.
VI. Define the following terms:(10%)
（回答基本正确给满分；语法、拼写错误最多扣0.5分）
57.The language items that can be found in all or most of the varieties of English are collectively termed as common core English.
58.Logical or abstract thinking refers to thinking in terms of pure reasoning.
59. “A black sheep” refers to the member who is thought to be a disgrace to other members.
60.In its broad sense culture is the attributes of man. In this sense, whatever distinguishes man from the rest part of the world is culture. Culture is contrasted with nature. Culture in its broad sense is also called “large c culture” or “academic culture”.
61.H.P. Grice proposed a “ Cooperative principle” for analysis of natural conversations. According to him, all participants make their own contributions to the conversation going o, and cooperate to render the conversation a smooth and successful one.
VII. Discuss the following topics: (20%)
（论述要点完整、表达清晰流利给满分；论述要点完整，但表达不清晰、不流利，以及语法、拼写错误，每处扣1分，每题最多扣5分。）
62. Bodily organs related to sex and sexual intercourse are taboos in both English and Chinese. But the tendency in English speaking countries in recent years is toward a freer, more open attitude. Although the so-called “four letter words” are still to be strictly avoided in most conversations, “to make love” or “to have sex” is not at all uncommon in writing. In contrast, the Chinese attitude toward talking about sex and bodily organs related to sex is stricter. Even talking about love in mixed groups may be considered improper.
63. In English the person involved in conversations over telephone usually tell first who they are or what company they represent. The they talk about the things they want to discuss over telephone. They usually end the conversation with “Thank you for calling ” and “Good-bye”. In Chinese the person called may not to tell first who he or she is or what company he or she represents. And Chinese speakers seldom say, 谢谢你给我来电话，and often end the conversation with 没事了 or 我挂了.
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发表于 2006-3-28 01:53:35
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